![]() One of the most important variables affecting sperm count is the number of Sertoli cells located in seminiferous tubules of the testes. Sperm count in human males is influenced by a variety of factors. In this situation, the extracellular fluid would be to the cells. During water intoxication, the concentrations of the intracellular and extracellular fluids are not at equilibrium. If not treated promptly, seizures, coma, and death can occur within several hours. Damage can also occur in the lungs and heart. Lightheadedness, nausea, vomiting, and headaches are typical as well. Pressure builds in the brain that causes symptoms that resemble alcoholintoxication. The situation becomes increasingly problematic as the cells and tissues of the central nervous system take in more water. The cells will begin to swell and may eventually burst if the condition is not reversed in a timely manner. Due to the effects of osmosis, water begins entering the cells. As more and more water enters the extracellular fluids, the plasma sodium concentration drops, leading to a condition called hyponatremia, defined as a plasma sodium concentration less than 130 mmol/liter. Electrolytes such as sodium are drawn out of the cells in an attempt to equilibrate the concentrations inside and outside of the cells. In a child, the amount of water required to induce water intoxication is much less.Īs the excess water moves from the digestive system, it accumulates in the plasma and extracellular fluids. In a condition known as water intoxication, a person ingests more water (usually 3 or more liters in a single sitting) in a shorter period of time than the kidneys can process. In an adult, the kidneys are typically capable of processing about 1 to 1.5 liters of water per hour depending on the individual and conditions within the body. The kidneys are responsible for filtering certain components of blood and producing urine from them. Questions 7–12 are based on the following passage. The immune system is less likely to recognize and destroy abnormal immature leukocytes than it would be to recognize and destroy abnormal mature leukocytes. Chronic cases of leukemia involve abnormal cell division of mature cells, so there are still some immature cells that can proliferate into normal mature cells. Chronic cases involve types of leukocytes that have less important functions in the body. What would be the BEST explanation as to why people with chronic forms of leukemia can live longer untreated than those with acute cases of leukemia? This area, special methods must be used to introduce the drugs to the brain. Many of these drugs cannot enter into the brain when injected or ingested, so if the cancer has spread to Other drugs are designed to interfere with DNA polymerase, DNA repair mechanisms, or protein synthesis, or to act as purine analogs. Tubulin-binding agents are designed to interfere with microtubule formation. Alkylating agents are capable of disrupting the function of DNA. In treatment, several drugs are used in combination because some of the drugs are cell-cycle specific while others are not. There are numerous categories of these drugs, and they have varied mechanisms of action. In the myelogenous form, the myeloid cells, such as basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils, are affected.Ĭhemotherapy drugs are often used in the management of leukemia cases. In lymphocytic leukemia, the lymphoid cells, such as the lymphocytes, are abnormal. This distinction depends on which type of leukocyte is abnormal in the patient. ![]() Once classified as acute or chronic, leukemia can be further subdivided into lymphocytic or myelogenous. This form of the disease progresses more slowly, and treatment need not always be immediate. In contrast, chronic cases of leukemia typically involve the proliferation of abnormal mature leukocytes. It can be fatal within weeks or months if not treated promptly. This form of the cancer progresses rapidly, and the cells metastasize easily as they move into the bloodstream from the bone marrow. This inhibits the ability of the bone marrow to produce healthy new leukocytes. In acute cases of leukemia, immature leukocytes proliferate quickly, which leads to many abnormal immature cells in the bone marrow. Most leukemia cases involve elevated leukocyte counts. Leukemia is a term that describes a wide variety of blood cell cancers. MCAT Biology Practice Test 2023 Test Nameīiological and Biochemical Foundations of Living SystemsĬardiovascular Systems, Cells Digestive Systems, Embryogenesis and Development Endocrine Systems, Excretory Systems, Genetics and Evolution Immune Systems, Nervous Systems, Musculoskeletal Systems, Reproduction Respiratory Systems
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |